| Validator Rewards Model

2025 Consensus & Node Model

With the rollout of Themis 3.0, the Pecu Novus Blockchain has entered a new era of validator engagement, refining how uptime, time-based validation, and Epochs determine the flow of rewards across its decentralized network. The validator model remains true to Pecu Novus’s roots in accessibility and sustainability, but Themis brings with it a more structured rhythm for rewards and node performance evaluation.

Consensus & Validator Framework

The Themis upgrade solidifies the hybrid Proof of Time (PoT) and Proof of Stake (PoS) system that Pecu Novus has been steadily building toward.

∞ Delegators stake PECU coins in which one or many validator nodes engage to support network security and earn proportional rewards.

∞ Validators are responsible for maintaining uptime, verifying transactions, and ensuring consensus integrity.

∞ Both parties benefit, delegators earn staking rewards, while validators earn operational rewards tied to their uptime and delegated stake.

The Epoch System

With the Pecu 3.0 Themis upgrade, the Pecu Novus network now operates in 48-hour Epochs, which serve as the primary time frame for measuring node activity, validator uptime, and delegator engagement.

∞ Each Epoch lasts exactly 48 hours, during which validator nodes are continuously monitored for uptime, performance consistency, and participation in consensus.

∞ At the conclusion of each Epoch, the reward distribution cycle executes, assigning validator and delegator rewards based on network metrics and randomized allocation.

∞ Rewards are then automatically disbursed to delegators and validators at the start of the next Epoch.

This 48-hour rhythm ensures a stable and transparent payout cadence, aligning reward cycles with network performance evaluations.

Reward Mechanics 

Under Themis, rewards are not fixed, they are dynamic and random, based on real-time network conditions and node behavior.

Key Factors:

Delegator Staking Volume

∞ The total PECU staked with a given validator directly influences the size of the potential reward pool associated with that node.

∞ Validators with more active delegations naturally have access to larger randomized reward pools, though distribution remains probabilistic to avoid centralization.

Validator Uptime & Reliability

∞ Uptime remains a critical factor. Validators maintaining near-constant availability during a full 48-hour Epoch are weighted more heavily in the randomization process.

∞ Nodes with downtime or performance lapses have reduced eligibility for that Epoch’s reward pool.

Position & Duration of Delegation

∞ Delegators who have staked for multiple consecutive Epochs may gain incremental weighting, encouraging long-term network participation.

Randomized Distribution

∞ Within each Epoch, a pseudo-random distribution algorithm selects validators and delegators for proportional rewards.

∞ This ensures fairness, unpredictability, and decentralization, preventing any validator or whale from dominating the reward cycle.

∞ With Themis (the 3.0 upgrade), Pecu Novus moves to a hybrid consensus mechanism combining its original “Proof of Time” (PoT) model with a layer of Proof of Stake (PoS) elements.

∞ Under the PoT model, validators are rewarded based on how long their node remains active (uptime/time-connected), rather than how many tokens they stake.

∞ Validator nodes are relatively low-barrier: the network emphasizes inclusion, requiring only a computer with internet, not large stake amounts.

Validator Rewards

Validators earn rewards based on:

∞ The aggregate delegation staked to their node.

∞ Their uptime score across the 48-hour Epoch.

∞ The random selection mechanism within that Epoch’s total reward distribution.

Validator rewards are automatically credited to their connected Pecu Wallets at the start of the next Epoch. Consistent uptime across multiple Epochs increases a node’s future weighting probability.

Delegator Rewards

Delegators receive a share of rewards relative to:

∞ The amount of PECU staked with their chosen validator(s).

∞ The performance of those validators during the Epoch.

∞ The randomized reward outcome tied to their validator’s allocation.

Delegators can re-stake rewards or withdraw them at any time through the Pecu Terminal interface, maintaining full control over their earned assets.

Sustainability and Scalability

The Pecu 3.0 Themis upgrade introduces a self-adjusting system that scales with network participation:

∞ As more PECU is staked, the total distributed reward pool increases, but the randomness and weighting prevent concentration of power.

∞ The 48-hour Epochs provide predictable performance windows, simplifying validator monitoring and ensuring long-term operational balance.

∞ The model is designed to evolve dynamically — additional parameters such as validator longevity or performance streaks may influence weighting in future upgrades.

Key Points

∞ Epoch duration is 48 hours per cycle

∞ Reward source is Delegator staking and validator uptime performance

∞ Distribution is randomized and weighted by stake, uptime, and consistency

∞ Validator incentive is to maintain continuous uptime for higher selection probability

∞ Delegator incentive is to stake strategically with reliable validators for optimal returns

∞ No fixed rewards as every Epoch is unique, driven by performance and randomness

∞ The goal is fair, decentralized, and sustainable validator economics